sed: delete all lines before or after string match

delete all lines before string match including matching line


sed -i '1,//d' $FILENAME

delete all lines after string match including matching line

sed  -i  '//,$d' $FILENAME

-i option to put changes back into source file

error while loading shared libraries linux ldd

when you run a binary and get this kind of error, try this command:

ldd

this will show out put as

 bin]# ldd /usr/bin/curl
    linux-gate.so.1 =>  not found
    libcurl.so.4 => /usr/lib/libcurl.so.4 (0x00dd0000)
    libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0x00be6000)
    libssh2.so.1 => /usr/lib/libssh2.so.1 (0x00110000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00a41000)
    librt.so.1 => /lib/librt.so.1 (0x00415000)

try to build again by linking the missing library file.

increment variable in shell script

var=$((var+1))

shell script redirect

There are 3 file descriptors, stdin, stdout and stderr (std=standard).

Basically you can:

1. redirect stdout to a file
2. redirect stderr to a file
3. redirect stdout to a stderr
4. redirect stderr to a stdout
5. redirect stderr and stdout to a file
6. redirect stderr and stdout to stdout
7. redirect stderr and stdout to stderr

1 'represents' stdout and 2 stderr. A little note for seeing this things: with the less command you can view both stdout (which will remain on the buffer) and the stderr that will be printed on the screen, but erased as you try to 'browse' the buffer.

 Sample: stdout 2 file

This will cause the ouput of a program to be written to a file.

        ls -l > ls-l.txt
        

Here, a file called 'ls-l.txt' will be created and it will contain what you would see on the screen if you type the command 'ls -l' and execute it.

Sample: stderr 2 file

This will cause the stderr ouput of a program to be written to a file.

        grep da * 2> grep-errors.txt
        

Here, a file called 'grep-errors.txt' will be created and it will contain what you would see the stderr portion of the output of the 'grep da *' command.

Sample: stdout 2 stderr

This will cause the stderr ouput of a program to be written to the same filedescriptor than stdout.

        grep da * 1>&2 
        

Here, the stdout portion of the command is sent to stderr, you may notice that in differen ways.

Sample: stderr 2 stdout

This will cause the stderr ouput of a program to be written to the same filedescriptor than stdout.

        grep * 2>&1
        

Here, the stderr portion of the command is sent to stdout, if you pipe to less, you'll see that lines that normally 'dissapear' (as they are written to stderr) are being kept now (because they're on stdout).

Sample: stderr and stdout 2 file

This will place every output of a program to a file. This is suitable sometimes for cron entries, if you want a command to pass in absolute silence.

        rm -f $(find / -name core) &> /dev/null 
        

This (thinking on the cron entry) will delete every file called 'core' in any directory. Notice that you should be pretty sure of what a command is doing if you are going to wipe it's output.

set timeout in shell script

http://xpt.sourceforge.net/techdocs/nix/sch/sch07-Timeout/single/

shell script: to execute a string in variable as shell command

temp="ip=1.1.1.$p"
i wanted to extract ip address into a variable

solution:

eval ${temp}
myVar=$ip

ubuntu upgrade: restore applications collections

you can save a list of installed packages on the old machine with the command dpkg --get-selections > ~/packages and then restore it on the new one with sudo dpkg --set-selections < ~/packages && apt-get dselect-upgrade.